Cognitive Coaching Essay

The Effects of Cognitive Coaching on Education and in Supporting Teacher Leadership â€Å"Creating a calling of instructing where educators have the open door for ceaseless learning is the likeliest method to rouse more prominent accomplishment for kids, particularly those for whom training is the main pathway to endurance and success† (Sumner, 2011, p. 10). Teachers today are required to have an alternate arrangement of aptitudes to viably get ready understudies to be worldwide rivals in the work environment. Instructors can't make these adjustments in showing strategy and instructional conveyance without help. Mentors bolster and energize educators, improve instructor methodologies, advance educator reflection, and spotlight on wanted results (Sumner, 2011). A key element for improving understudy accomplishment is top notch administration. Despite the fact that authority abilities may easily fall into place for a few, most instructors need some type of training and instructing to turn out to be top notch pioneers (Patti and Holzer, 2012). What is Cognitive Coaching? Intellectual instructing is a relationship that is student focused, where the individual being trained is a functioning member in their learning procedure. The mentor is answerable for making a situation that is touchy to the participant’s needs, giving sufficient chance to self-reflection which empowers the member to gain from their own interesting encounters. Garmston (1993) expressed: Cognitive Coaching is a procedure during which educators investigate the speculation behind their practices. Every individual appears to keep up an intellectual guide, just in part cognizant. In Cognitive Coaching, questions asked by the mentor uncover to the educator regions of that map that may not be finished or deliberately created. At the point when educators work for all to hear about their reasoning, their choices become more clear to them, and their mindfulness expands (p. 57). The relationship that advances through psychological training depends on an excursion of self-revelation for both the mentor and the instructed person. The mentor is similarly liable for reflecting and gaining from their own encounters with an end goal to giving the best direction to the trained individual all through their instructing relationship. In the event that guides are to encourage learning of their mentees, they can best start by being in contact with the powers in their own lives (Zachary, 2000). The discovering that happens in stages is the point of convergence of subjective training. Psychological instructing utilizes a three-stage cycle: pre-meeting, perception, and post-gathering. These cycles are utilized for the sole motivation behind helping the educator improve instructional adequacy by getting increasingly intelligent about educating (Garmston, 1993). Intellectual Coaching attests that instructional conduct is an impression of convictions; instructors must investigate and change their convictions so as to change their practices. Mentors request that educators ponder their convictions about the study hall to encourage making changes or enhancements (Patti and Holzer, 2012). Subjective Coaching in Education The most important resource in the training calling is its human capital †educators and chairmen. Sadly, these experts are ordinarily given constrained open doors all through their profession to upgrade their insight and abilities empowering them to be increasingly successful educators and pioneers. Recently employed volunteers into the calling for the most part get training for a couple of months during their first year of business, yet the dominant part will pick up understanding through their own experimentation. As indicated by Patti and Holzer (2012): Professional advancement open doors for educators and overseers who work in an authority limit are regularly excessively scant or slender in center to develop enduring and compelling improvement. Most educational systems consistently furnish instructor teachers with only a few days out of each time of expert turn of events, regularly planned for improving proficiency and arithmetic scores. Compelling proficient advancement happens when the grown-up student associates by and by to the new learning. At the point when teachers take part in intelligent practices that develop mindfulness, feeling the executives, social mindfulness, and relationship the board, they are in a superior situation to convey great guidance and administration (p. 264). The training calling can profit by executing psychological instructing as a method of helping instructors and directors extend their expert improvement through self-perception, self-reflection, and self-input. An investigation of the discoveries from these components will assist the expert with becoming mindful of their own purposeful restrictions. In training, instructing has generally upheld educators in the securing of information, aptitudes and capacities that target understudy accomplishment (Patti and Holzer, 2012). The impacts of intellectual instructing on instructor adequacy has been decidedly associated to expanded understudy execution. Sumner (2011) offers: Coaching is a key technique for helping instructors improve understudy accomplishment and school culture. A lot of this potential school improvement originates from instructing instructors in how to be intelligent about their training and in figuring out how to set up an equivalent relationship dependent on common want to improve. Maybe in particular, ―a culture of training improves educating and improves understudy learning (p.47). While a definitive objective of psychological training is to assist cultivate with changing in the reasoning examples and practices of the instructed individual †the final product of this undertaking is improved understudy execution. Proficient improvement can possibly work in the event that it is centered around both understudy and instructor learning and a culture of help for and esteeming of value staff advancement is available (Sumner, 2011). Subjective Coaching Supporting Teacher Leadership Cognitive instructing permits instructors to take responsibility for proficient improvement by urging them to be responsible of their intellectual learning process. The self-reflection that is engaged with subjective instructing combined with proficient vision empowers educators to turn into an impetus of progress both in the study hall and past. Patti and Holzer (2012) expressed: The instructing relationship gives a place of refuge to careful regard for self-change in the zones of mindfulness, self-administration, social mindfulness, and relationship the board. It is through this individual procedure that the educator and managerial pioneer emphatically sway the way of life and atmosphere of the study hall and school (p. 270). Each educator has the abilities to improve their insight and expertise and intellectual instructing bears the chance of investigation into one’s self, testing old convictions and propensities, rising a superior, more grounded pioneer. Administration isn't assembling others to take care of issues we definitely realize how to settle, yet to assist them with facing issues that have never yet been effectively tended to (Fullan, 2007). The reflection learned through intellectual instructing creates critical thinking aptitudes as instructors analyze their experience, produce options, and assess activities. Instructors need to display chance taking, receptiveness, and persistent figuring out how to make schools that are networks of students (Garmston, 1993). End â€Å"Effective pioneers chip away at their own and others’ enthusiastic turn of events. There is no more noteworthy expertise required for maintainable improvement† (Fullan, 2007). Psychological training empowers instructors to create unexplored potential, while growing their collection of educating approachs. The execution of subjective training expands understudy accomplishment and educator adequacy, produce higher request instructor thinking, and gives instructor support (Sumner, 2011). Extraordinary schools develop when teachers comprehend that the intensity of their administration lies in the quality of their connections. Solid initiative in schools results from the interest of numerous individuals, each driving in their own particular manner (Donaldson, 2007). Intellectual training is the way to educators’ opening their inward capacity to significantly affect students’ learning.

Contemporary Nursing Issues - Trends - and Management

Question: Examine about the Contemporary Nursing : Issues, Trends, and Management. Answer: Presentation: Palliative consideration is a smaller vivacious term for end of life undertaking treatment of patients with both reparable and serious sicknesses. A portion of the consideration necessities by the patients experiencing terminal conditions are torment the executives and palliative help. Various issues win in the ideal usage and guideline of compelling medicinal treatment. Other than this, ideal nursing additionally faces certain issues that forestall granting successful and proficient practices to the patient. The theme for this exposition is ideal usage of end of life care to the patients experiencing fatal sicknesses and disease. This exposition plots the significance of successful finish of care for individuals experiencing terminal conditions covering the consideration prerequisites by the patients and winning issues in it. Further talking about the issues looked by medical attendants in bestowing ideal treatment. As per an examination directed by Bloomer (2015) in various medical clinics of Australia, 52% of individuals bite the dust because of inadequate finish of life care. There can't get ideal consideration prerequisites, for example, torment the executives and palliative practices for relieving the upset condition. Patients wants for certain mental and social consideration from medical attendants other than physiological mediations. This requires extra substantial and mental contributions from the medicinal services experts, for example, attendants (Bloomer, 2015). Medical caretakers require giving ideal healing and remedial treatment to the languishing patients over compelling harmony in the physical and mental status of the patient however needs conveying viable and on time care to such patients. There have been sure provisos in the intense emergency clinics of the Australia with respect to the viable conveyance of human services benefits as far as ideal finish of life care by medical attendants (Hui et al., 2013). The common issues in intense Australian emergency clinics are incapable agony the board and inadequate correspondence among patient and attendants. Some other winning issues are absence of suitable data on the state of the patient, late acknowledgment of the corrupting state of the patient and fragmented information on treatment of the ailment and disease related (Cosgrove Bari, 2015). The two issues winning in the ideal consideration of the perishing understanding and related family are ineffectual appraisal of torment and need satisfying the desire of accepting ideal palliative consideration. Appraisal of torment Incapable evaluation of agony and wish of palliative consideration are two pivotal issues in giving alleviation to the patients experiencing basic diseases and ailment. Need evaluation by intense medical clinics makes a gigantic hole in execution healing contributions to the patient. Social insurance experts, for example, nurture as a rule belittle the degree of agony among patients which permits them to control medicinal helpful activities based on mystery (Reid, Eccleston Pillemer, 2015). Wish of Palliative consideration: Ineffectual palliative consideration additionally makes a major hole in viable treatment. Inefficient correspondence is a factor answerable for inadequate treatment and palliative administrations (Gelinas et al., 2013). Inadequate correspondence prompts obstruction on guideline of effectual addressing among patients and social insurance experts. Persistent needs clarifying their manifestations, winning condition and desires for ideal help from the attendants. Moreover, correspondence gives the perspectives on medicinal treatment as far as drug and non pharmacological intercession of patient and related family (Broom et al., 2014). Strict convictions and profound needs likewise assume a significant job in viable finish of life care because of heterogeneity of the general public individuals live in. A few religions don't permit medicine because of specific fixings while some religion doesn't permit certain non pharmacological intercessions, for example, treatments and back rub for torm ent the executives. Other than this, need refreshed innovation likewise plays a fundamental factor in forestalling the execution of ideal consideration. Refreshed innovation is required as per refreshed data and correspondence innovation (ICT) for upgraded execution of apparatuses for viable treatment. Ideal evaluation of torment is basic for the execution and guideline of successful treatment to the matured patients enduring with terminal ailments. This factor is interrelated with different factors as referenced that forestalls successful treatment (Payne, 2017). Another significant factor that forestalls ideal remediation is the methodology of medical attendants towards the medicinal treatment. Insufficient preparing of medical caretakers and uncompetitiveness are sure common factors that catch the ideal treatment. Inadequate preparing of medical attendants: Need ideal preparing prompts inadequate information on the guideline of medicinal drug and non pharmacological mediations that are basic for viable palliative consideration. Insufficient information wins because of inappropriate preparing on the devices, clinical handover and treatment of basic circumstance under tension. These prompts late acknowledgment of debasing state of the patient that prompts passing, by them (Cherry Jacob, 2016). Moreover, deficient information on the illnesses and their treatment is another overall factor that forestalls ideal treatment. This deficient information and wasteful practices happens because of debasing and obsolete offices gave by the enactment and the emergency clinic the board. This prompts incapable dynamic during basic conditions for the ideal treatment. Need ideal dynamic likewise rotates around the moral situation medical caretakers face during the treatment of the patients under basic conditions. Such moral difficulty is end of life achin g treatments utilized if there should arise an occurrence of maladies, for example, malignant growth, AIDS, aspiratory fibrosis and others. Other than this, quiet self-sufficiency doesn't permit attendants to actualize and manage certain medicinal medications as they are not permitted by patients. Case of this can be the boundary given by strict convictions and profound needs on the ideal usage of non pharmacological intercession, for example, treatment or trances (Johnstone et al., 2016). Uncompetitiveness towards work: Uncompetitiveness additionally wins because of absence of enthusiasm towards work by the attendants. Underneath normal and debasing nature of existing expectations for everyday comforts as far as social, practical and social status forestalls nurture in creating interests for productive treatment by them. Nursing calling is incredibly requesting and requires substantial and mental consideration by nursing experts to give any misharm during medicinal treatment. This consideration increments, as it were, in the event of terminal patients. Lower recompense and negligible offices keeps medical attendants from taking additional endeavors for the viable treatment of old individuals. Augmentation in the prudent and societal position of the medical attendants is a basic advance required to conquer the slack winning in the ideal medicinal services contributions to term of pharmacological and non-pharmacological intercessions (Candlin, 2014). Convincingly, this paper attempts investigation on the treatment of the terminal patients by the social insurance experts, for example, attendants. Moreover, an examination has been directed on the current escape clauses at the administrative, clinic the board and medical attendant level. End of life care is fundamental hospice alongside palliative consideration gives viable rules to the solid execution of healing medicine and remedial treatment. This is the need of great importance to define and actualize powerful measures to upgrade the current practices. Care the executives for torment evaluation and need of palliative consideration incorporates powerful correspondence among attendant and patient for the assurance of the degree and solid usage of prescription and non pharmacological mediations. Enactment and medical clinic the board must give ideal financing to the upgradation of the instruments and administrations required for treatment. Moreover, visit preparing must be embraced to refresh attendants with existing human services rehearses. Other than this, general social, mental and social prosperity of the medical attendants must be directed and upgraded by the clinic the executives to keep up the seriousness by medical caretakers furnishing care to older individuals with terminal ailments and sickness. Medical caretakers must embrace moral methodology for dynamic during basic conditions so as to attempt productive conveyance of intense consideration. References: Developer, M. (2015). The difficulties of end of life care in intense hospitals.Collegian,22(3), 241-242. Brush, A., Kirby, E., Good, P., Wootton, J., Adams, J. (2014). The difficulties of outlining for: overseeing correspondence about the finish of life.Qualitative Health Research,24(2), 151-162. Candlin, S., Candlin, C. N. (2014). Presencing with regards to upgrading quiet prosperity in nursing care.The Routledge handbook of language and wellbeing correspondence, 259-278. Cherry, B., Jacob, S. R. (2016).Contemporary nursing: Issues, patterns, the executives. Elsevier Health Sciences. Cosgrove, J. F., Bari, F. (2015). End-of-life care on the emergency unit: review for clinic clinical practitioners.Surgery (Oxford),33(10), 515-518. Glinas, C., Arbor, C., Michaud, C., Robar, L., Ct, J. (2013). Patients and ICU medical caretakers' points of view of non?pharmacological mediations for torment management.Nursing in basic care,18(6), 307-318. Hui, D., De La Cruz, M., Mori, M., Parsons, H. A., Kwon, J. H., Torres-Vigil, I., ... Kang, D. H. (2013). Ideas and definitions for steady care,best strong care,palliative consideration, and hospice care in the distributed writing, word references, and textbooks.Supportive Care in Cancer,21(3), 659-685. Johnstone, M. J., Hutchinson, A. M., Redley, B., Rawson

Dos and Donts of B2B Marketing

Do’s and Don’ts of B2B Marketing The emergence of B2B marketing as the prevailing attitude of e-commerce today has influenced all that has a part in the market. From purchasing materials to their processing towards specific products, placement on the market, purchase systems and distribution to consumers; as well as service development through training and qualification courses within e-learning systems which have also entered content marketing domains businesses implement inbound techniques to optimize their productivity whether in relation to each other or towards the consumers. © Shutterstock.com | designer491Business-to-business marketing has begun to implement new content-based strategies and channels in relations between providers and buyers in the past few years. Studies show that these tendencies are going to grow in the following years. We have, hence, decided to provide basic introduction to how B2B marketing works and pointed out the differentiation points in reference to business-to-customer marketing as well as incorporated a list of advisable and avoidable strategies for B2B marketers. Read through sections 1) Introduction to B2B Marketing; 2) B2B Marketing Do’s and 3) B2B Marketing Don’ts and acquire valuable insights regarding the matter.INTRODUCTION TO B2B MARKETINGBusiness-to-business or B2B marketing is the management of the whole of processes in commerce between business entities with the end goal of providing according to consumer demand. In other words, the final objective of B2B marketing is to secure adequate transformation of mate rials into products, as well as their storage and distribution, in order to be placed on the market and generate revenue.When the B2B marketing discipline emerged in the early 1990s, its approaches were frequently identified with the techniques used in customer marketing. However, in the past fifteen years, its strategies diversified according to necessities of specific processes in the discipline. New tendencies towards content marketing and engagement, as well as documentation of strategies, are showing significant growth in B2B marketing.Here are some up-to-date statistics on content management in B2B marketing:70% of B2B marketing enterprises are increasing content amounts through social media (especially LinkedIn and Twitter), articles on websites, eNewsletters, blogs, in-person events, case studies, videos, webcasts and webinars, infographics, etc.35% of B2B marketing enterprises implement documentation of content strategies and report high-efficiency.Organizational goals of B 2B enterprises for the following year are raising brand awareness (84% of enterprises), generating leads (83%), inducing engagement (81%), increasing sales (75%) and nurturing leads (74%).55% of B2B enterprises intend to increase budgets or content marketing in 2015.The detrimental features of business-to-business marketing are those related to the amount of customers in relation to providers and those of financial nature â€" significantly larger amounts of money are in play in the B2B market than is the case with general consumer market. These properties affect differences in business marketing management which will be discussed later in the text.[slideshare id=26704085doc=b2bresearch2014cmi-130930124820-phpapp01]Decision Matrix in B2B MarketingBusiness to business marketing process involves complex decision-making units (DMU) due to different low/high business risk and low/high financial value relations. These relations change with reference to different target audiences (DMU’s of the potential buyer/seller) and involve specific DMUs accordingly: purchase, technical and legal with varying levels of expertise. This is necessary in order to optimize communication and end results of collaboration.B2B and B2C Marketing Comparison B2B product presentation is usually more complexWhile consumer products frequently target appeal and usefulness on a superficial level, B2B products require profound technical expertise in the field of a potential purchase. A buyer in B2B interaction is not interested in the appearance of the product as much as in specifications in its production, features and functionality, as well as the post sales, support management and issue resolution strategies of the seller.Consequently, the potential continuous large-scale relationship in B2B greatly depends on the (mostly technically focused) ability and expertise of salespeople to provide sufficient amount of valuable data. B2B has lower number of buyers but longer-terms buyersThe B2B marke t is comprised out of roughly 80% of providers in relation to a mere 20% of buyers. In addition to this ratio, the number of buyers is significantly lower than in B2C market. Moreover, the financial revenue from particular customers is higher as is the differentiation in the value of key accounts and other customers for a business.Further on, customers in the B2B market require stronger post-sales support and are likely to opt for a long-term relationship with their providers because of the specific nature of products and services acquired. B2B are more rationalRational management is one of the essential approaches undertaken in B2B marketing. Marketers choose comprehensive strategies to create cohesive brands without too much sub-categorization in order to clearly provide according to their customers’ demand. Proper research and implementation of findings, as well as quality products/services, are something B2B enterprises incorporate vigorously because their customers are more p erceptive and circumspect. B2B has fewer behavioral and needs-based segmentsDue to the smaller amounts of customers as well as, the lesser differentiation between target audience’s particular needs, B2B enterprises have fewer segments of customers and are divided on more of technical than behavioral basis. Frequent segmentation in B2B marketing includes focusing on price, focus on brand and quality, service focus and focus on partnership audiences. These segments are managed according to their characteristics but also based on the strategic importance of the buyer for the enterprise. B2B has higher importance of relationshipB2B marketers must exploit the benefits of customer engagement management strategies in order to ensure retention of key accounts: personalized approach in B2B takes form of a partnership (in addition to timely supply of required products, buyers are looking for stockholders, technical consultants, long-term support and other valuable services which will differ entiate their supplier from competition).As a consequence of the necessity of building a solid relationship with customers, B2B marketing gravitates to sales and technical support as means of promotion more than anything else. In-person meetings and trade shows are what is most invested in when cultivation of relations is in question. B2B drives less innovationIn opposition to risk taking tendencies in innovation of B2C marketing which are caused by the growing need for differentiation, B2B marketers are all in a somewhat similar situation (being recklessly innovative would be unproductive) and build innovation from quality research and collected information on trends which have been established upstream so as to create a sustainable market.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]B2B MARKETING DO’SDo Prioritize Measurable ObjectivesRather than focusing solely on diagnostics such as database size or lead scores, you should use them as means of objective measurement of activity and potential conversion through stages of customer lifecycle. This way you will be able to have qualitative and quantitative results in reference to the market. Consequently, you will be able to prioritize your objectives of measurement depending on your current state. For example, if you are attracting a lot of prospects, you will focus on qualifying their receptiveness for potential conversion, nurturing their engagement through expert content presentation (within your industry) and acquisition of new ones.Do Articulate your Business in a Customer-focused WayRelationship construction is crucial for successful B2B marketing management so you should implement an outside-in perspective when structuring your campaigns. The holy grail of marketing is being able to articulate o ffers to customers not as sales but as means to reach their preferred ends (because a customer essentially does not want a drill, they want a hole). An outside-in perspective, i.e. examination of your target audience will provide insights on what to focus on. However, incorporate these insights into something your visions because brands satisfy customer’s desires but are autonomous at the in the process.Do Target your Customer SegmentationProper allocation of investment (of time, money and personnel), as well as the efficiency of your overall marketing endeavors, depends on the determination of segment characteristics in your target customers. Such results are obtained by data collection, analysis as well as interaction. The more informed you are of your potential buyers, the more you will be able to answer their particular needs.Do Perform Content MarketingIn order to make your customer more knowledgeable about your business and its products as well as services that accompany it (post-sales support, technical consultation, etc.) you should implement content marketing strategies. Identify and align content with regard to all of the stages of the customer journey and present it through the implementation of effective tactics â€" such as social media, in-person communication, blogs, newsletters and a variety of others.Content marketing strategies introduce your business to prospects as well as general public and as such serve as an excellent technique for branding a company and expanding its clientele.Do Invest your Effort in Skill Development, Expansion and Retention of CustomersBuyers in the B2B market have more knowledge of the industry within their purchase necessities and a higher awareness of what their needs are (as opposing to the consumer market). In order to prevail in B2B market, you have to invest in personnel skills (especially sales and technical departments) and expansion of qualifications so your company could communicate with customers and del iver according to demand on a satisfactory level.Moreover, as there are fewer customers in the B2B market, it is essential to focus time and money on their retention. As we have mentioned above, B2B marketing aims at attracting long-term highly profitable accounts.Do Share your Knowledge and Even Some Trade Secrets with your B2B CustomersAs relations between a customer and the provider in B2B marketing resemble a partnership, it is advisable to let your prospects know what and how you are doing the things they require. Sharing some trade secrets will convince your customers of your expertise and competence. Presenting content (such as webinars, courses or ebooks) should be free because it builds the most positive relationship with prospects. Your target customers are not willing to perform these operations and processes by themselves, but they want to be well informed in matters of their investment (because these investments are significantly higher than in the B2C market).Examples of Successful B2B Marketing StrategyIncorporation of content and its channels into B2B marketing strategies:Evernote is using e-mail and video marketing to promote and stimulate free trials of their services for other businesses. The campaign comprises out of e-mail recommendation for ‘how-to’ videos on their landing pages with specific features according to the type of business they are targeting.Hubspot launches consecutive e-mail and landing pages campaigns through which they promote free content in forms of e-books and webinars. They are providing insightful knowledge in their field and are thus building engagement towards their business among potential customers.Nokia Solutions and Network Users established a PowerPoint database on Slideshare where they share knowledge and expertise with customers. It is a way of proving authority as well as involvement with target audiences.Petrofac, which is an oil industry company, offers case studies for raising understanding of their a rea of expertise based on the type of service or project a prospect might be interested in. In this way, they are informing prospects but also presenting themselves as expert potential business collaborators.Simply Business have created diverse guides for Google+, social media management and other forms used for marketing optimization. They target their content to small businesses and in doing so promote their services of business insurance.B2B MARKETING DON’TSDont Rush with your B2B CustomersCreating an instantaneous network of customers is not only virtually impossible nowadays but it is also not sustainable if there is no substance in your business. Instead of chasing buyers, take time and focus on building a comprehensive union of expertise, skilled employees and targeted marketing strategies for diverse stages of customer lifecycle which will be based on thorough examination and analysis of the current market. Form a brand and the customers will come. In order to do so, consu lt with experienced brand experts so as to invest the adequate amount of time, money and effort in all of your processes.Simultaneously begin customer engagement processes and create a solid audience base that can be nurtured into customers.Dont Pretend you Have Products you Cannot OfferDo not employ traditional tactics such as deceiving prospect regarding the products or services you offer. Bear in mind that amount of customers is not endless; if you prove to be a fraud (in any sense) you will lose not only your existing prospects, leads and customers but also the chance to bring in new ones (word of mouth travels fast).Dont Copy CompetitionThe quality of service and expertise, as well as the realization of projects, is what differentiate you from competition. Claiming to have something better than your competition or copying their successful endeavours will most likely result in mediocre products and services as well as inconsistency in realization â€" in other words, it will brin g more trouble than profit.Dont Overdo MarketingSocial media in B2B marketing serves as a discussion platform not the presentation of useless information. Hence, your content marketing should promote your products and services but not advertize them â€" content must be built as niche-oriented and customer-focused. Form a comprehensive and all-encompassing marketing strategy with specific objectives every step of the way but make sure you are subtle and useful in your endeavors towards prospects.Dont Overdo with the DataWe have mentioned numerous times the importance of data analysis and documentation of strategies for B2B marketing. However, a massive amount of data which does not have applicable properties and actual value is completely useless. Determine which activities need to be monitored and documented and why. In other words, choose metrics that will be beneficial in the realization of your objectives. Do not collect data for its sake (it is time and finance consuming as well as utterly pointless).While quality and a holistic approach to the market is something highly advisable to entrepreneurs who interact with consumers as it ensures long-term profitability, in the business-to-business market, these properties are a necessity. It is practically impossible to become a brand without careful examination of the market and prospects. By analyzing these observations, you can determine the amounts and types of investment in certain stages of the customer journey and thus structuralize your campaigns in most productive manners. Distribution of content among your prospects will enhance acquisition process as well as attract new prospects and leads. The tools of inbound marketing will enable continuous monitoring of your existing customers and their behavioral patterns that will be beneficial for the establishment of perpetual relations. These relations will influence not only the longevity of your business but also its scope. Consequently, proper marketing man agement can maximize the possibilities of overall business management. 560 â€" Do’s and Donts of B2B Marketing

Dos and Donts of B2B Marketing

Do’s and Don’ts of B2B Marketing The emergence of B2B marketing as the prevailing attitude of e-commerce today has influenced all that has a part in the market. From purchasing materials to their processing towards specific products, placement on the market, purchase systems and distribution to consumers; as well as service development through training and qualification courses within e-learning systems which have also entered content marketing domains businesses implement inbound techniques to optimize their productivity whether in relation to each other or towards the consumers. © Shutterstock.com | designer491Business-to-business marketing has begun to implement new content-based strategies and channels in relations between providers and buyers in the past few years. Studies show that these tendencies are going to grow in the following years. We have, hence, decided to provide basic introduction to how B2B marketing works and pointed out the differentiation points in reference to business-to-customer marketing as well as incorporated a list of advisable and avoidable strategies for B2B marketers. Read through sections 1) Introduction to B2B Marketing; 2) B2B Marketing Do’s and 3) B2B Marketing Don’ts and acquire valuable insights regarding the matter.INTRODUCTION TO B2B MARKETINGBusiness-to-business or B2B marketing is the management of the whole of processes in commerce between business entities with the end goal of providing according to consumer demand. In other words, the final objective of B2B marketing is to secure adequate transformation of mate rials into products, as well as their storage and distribution, in order to be placed on the market and generate revenue.When the B2B marketing discipline emerged in the early 1990s, its approaches were frequently identified with the techniques used in customer marketing. However, in the past fifteen years, its strategies diversified according to necessities of specific processes in the discipline. New tendencies towards content marketing and engagement, as well as documentation of strategies, are showing significant growth in B2B marketing.Here are some up-to-date statistics on content management in B2B marketing:70% of B2B marketing enterprises are increasing content amounts through social media (especially LinkedIn and Twitter), articles on websites, eNewsletters, blogs, in-person events, case studies, videos, webcasts and webinars, infographics, etc.35% of B2B marketing enterprises implement documentation of content strategies and report high-efficiency.Organizational goals of B 2B enterprises for the following year are raising brand awareness (84% of enterprises), generating leads (83%), inducing engagement (81%), increasing sales (75%) and nurturing leads (74%).55% of B2B enterprises intend to increase budgets or content marketing in 2015.The detrimental features of business-to-business marketing are those related to the amount of customers in relation to providers and those of financial nature â€" significantly larger amounts of money are in play in the B2B market than is the case with general consumer market. These properties affect differences in business marketing management which will be discussed later in the text.[slideshare id=26704085doc=b2bresearch2014cmi-130930124820-phpapp01]Decision Matrix in B2B MarketingBusiness to business marketing process involves complex decision-making units (DMU) due to different low/high business risk and low/high financial value relations. These relations change with reference to different target audiences (DMU’s of the potential buyer/seller) and involve specific DMUs accordingly: purchase, technical and legal with varying levels of expertise. This is necessary in order to optimize communication and end results of collaboration.B2B and B2C Marketing Comparison B2B product presentation is usually more complexWhile consumer products frequently target appeal and usefulness on a superficial level, B2B products require profound technical expertise in the field of a potential purchase. A buyer in B2B interaction is not interested in the appearance of the product as much as in specifications in its production, features and functionality, as well as the post sales, support management and issue resolution strategies of the seller.Consequently, the potential continuous large-scale relationship in B2B greatly depends on the (mostly technically focused) ability and expertise of salespeople to provide sufficient amount of valuable data. B2B has lower number of buyers but longer-terms buyersThe B2B marke t is comprised out of roughly 80% of providers in relation to a mere 20% of buyers. In addition to this ratio, the number of buyers is significantly lower than in B2C market. Moreover, the financial revenue from particular customers is higher as is the differentiation in the value of key accounts and other customers for a business.Further on, customers in the B2B market require stronger post-sales support and are likely to opt for a long-term relationship with their providers because of the specific nature of products and services acquired. B2B are more rationalRational management is one of the essential approaches undertaken in B2B marketing. Marketers choose comprehensive strategies to create cohesive brands without too much sub-categorization in order to clearly provide according to their customers’ demand. Proper research and implementation of findings, as well as quality products/services, are something B2B enterprises incorporate vigorously because their customers are more p erceptive and circumspect. B2B has fewer behavioral and needs-based segmentsDue to the smaller amounts of customers as well as, the lesser differentiation between target audience’s particular needs, B2B enterprises have fewer segments of customers and are divided on more of technical than behavioral basis. Frequent segmentation in B2B marketing includes focusing on price, focus on brand and quality, service focus and focus on partnership audiences. These segments are managed according to their characteristics but also based on the strategic importance of the buyer for the enterprise. B2B has higher importance of relationshipB2B marketers must exploit the benefits of customer engagement management strategies in order to ensure retention of key accounts: personalized approach in B2B takes form of a partnership (in addition to timely supply of required products, buyers are looking for stockholders, technical consultants, long-term support and other valuable services which will differ entiate their supplier from competition).As a consequence of the necessity of building a solid relationship with customers, B2B marketing gravitates to sales and technical support as means of promotion more than anything else. In-person meetings and trade shows are what is most invested in when cultivation of relations is in question. B2B drives less innovationIn opposition to risk taking tendencies in innovation of B2C marketing which are caused by the growing need for differentiation, B2B marketers are all in a somewhat similar situation (being recklessly innovative would be unproductive) and build innovation from quality research and collected information on trends which have been established upstream so as to create a sustainable market.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]B2B MARKETING DO’SDo Prioritize Measurable ObjectivesRather than focusing solely on diagnostics such as database size or lead scores, you should use them as means of objective measurement of activity and potential conversion through stages of customer lifecycle. This way you will be able to have qualitative and quantitative results in reference to the market. Consequently, you will be able to prioritize your objectives of measurement depending on your current state. For example, if you are attracting a lot of prospects, you will focus on qualifying their receptiveness for potential conversion, nurturing their engagement through expert content presentation (within your industry) and acquisition of new ones.Do Articulate your Business in a Customer-focused WayRelationship construction is crucial for successful B2B marketing management so you should implement an outside-in perspective when structuring your campaigns. The holy grail of marketing is being able to articulate o ffers to customers not as sales but as means to reach their preferred ends (because a customer essentially does not want a drill, they want a hole). An outside-in perspective, i.e. examination of your target audience will provide insights on what to focus on. However, incorporate these insights into something your visions because brands satisfy customer’s desires but are autonomous at the in the process.Do Target your Customer SegmentationProper allocation of investment (of time, money and personnel), as well as the efficiency of your overall marketing endeavors, depends on the determination of segment characteristics in your target customers. Such results are obtained by data collection, analysis as well as interaction. The more informed you are of your potential buyers, the more you will be able to answer their particular needs.Do Perform Content MarketingIn order to make your customer more knowledgeable about your business and its products as well as services that accompany it (post-sales support, technical consultation, etc.) you should implement content marketing strategies. Identify and align content with regard to all of the stages of the customer journey and present it through the implementation of effective tactics â€" such as social media, in-person communication, blogs, newsletters and a variety of others.Content marketing strategies introduce your business to prospects as well as general public and as such serve as an excellent technique for branding a company and expanding its clientele.Do Invest your Effort in Skill Development, Expansion and Retention of CustomersBuyers in the B2B market have more knowledge of the industry within their purchase necessities and a higher awareness of what their needs are (as opposing to the consumer market). In order to prevail in B2B market, you have to invest in personnel skills (especially sales and technical departments) and expansion of qualifications so your company could communicate with customers and del iver according to demand on a satisfactory level.Moreover, as there are fewer customers in the B2B market, it is essential to focus time and money on their retention. As we have mentioned above, B2B marketing aims at attracting long-term highly profitable accounts.Do Share your Knowledge and Even Some Trade Secrets with your B2B CustomersAs relations between a customer and the provider in B2B marketing resemble a partnership, it is advisable to let your prospects know what and how you are doing the things they require. Sharing some trade secrets will convince your customers of your expertise and competence. Presenting content (such as webinars, courses or ebooks) should be free because it builds the most positive relationship with prospects. Your target customers are not willing to perform these operations and processes by themselves, but they want to be well informed in matters of their investment (because these investments are significantly higher than in the B2C market).Examples of Successful B2B Marketing StrategyIncorporation of content and its channels into B2B marketing strategies:Evernote is using e-mail and video marketing to promote and stimulate free trials of their services for other businesses. The campaign comprises out of e-mail recommendation for ‘how-to’ videos on their landing pages with specific features according to the type of business they are targeting.Hubspot launches consecutive e-mail and landing pages campaigns through which they promote free content in forms of e-books and webinars. They are providing insightful knowledge in their field and are thus building engagement towards their business among potential customers.Nokia Solutions and Network Users established a PowerPoint database on Slideshare where they share knowledge and expertise with customers. It is a way of proving authority as well as involvement with target audiences.Petrofac, which is an oil industry company, offers case studies for raising understanding of their a rea of expertise based on the type of service or project a prospect might be interested in. In this way, they are informing prospects but also presenting themselves as expert potential business collaborators.Simply Business have created diverse guides for Google+, social media management and other forms used for marketing optimization. They target their content to small businesses and in doing so promote their services of business insurance.B2B MARKETING DON’TSDont Rush with your B2B CustomersCreating an instantaneous network of customers is not only virtually impossible nowadays but it is also not sustainable if there is no substance in your business. Instead of chasing buyers, take time and focus on building a comprehensive union of expertise, skilled employees and targeted marketing strategies for diverse stages of customer lifecycle which will be based on thorough examination and analysis of the current market. Form a brand and the customers will come. In order to do so, consu lt with experienced brand experts so as to invest the adequate amount of time, money and effort in all of your processes.Simultaneously begin customer engagement processes and create a solid audience base that can be nurtured into customers.Dont Pretend you Have Products you Cannot OfferDo not employ traditional tactics such as deceiving prospect regarding the products or services you offer. Bear in mind that amount of customers is not endless; if you prove to be a fraud (in any sense) you will lose not only your existing prospects, leads and customers but also the chance to bring in new ones (word of mouth travels fast).Dont Copy CompetitionThe quality of service and expertise, as well as the realization of projects, is what differentiate you from competition. Claiming to have something better than your competition or copying their successful endeavours will most likely result in mediocre products and services as well as inconsistency in realization â€" in other words, it will brin g more trouble than profit.Dont Overdo MarketingSocial media in B2B marketing serves as a discussion platform not the presentation of useless information. Hence, your content marketing should promote your products and services but not advertize them â€" content must be built as niche-oriented and customer-focused. Form a comprehensive and all-encompassing marketing strategy with specific objectives every step of the way but make sure you are subtle and useful in your endeavors towards prospects.Dont Overdo with the DataWe have mentioned numerous times the importance of data analysis and documentation of strategies for B2B marketing. However, a massive amount of data which does not have applicable properties and actual value is completely useless. Determine which activities need to be monitored and documented and why. In other words, choose metrics that will be beneficial in the realization of your objectives. Do not collect data for its sake (it is time and finance consuming as well as utterly pointless).While quality and a holistic approach to the market is something highly advisable to entrepreneurs who interact with consumers as it ensures long-term profitability, in the business-to-business market, these properties are a necessity. It is practically impossible to become a brand without careful examination of the market and prospects. By analyzing these observations, you can determine the amounts and types of investment in certain stages of the customer journey and thus structuralize your campaigns in most productive manners. Distribution of content among your prospects will enhance acquisition process as well as attract new prospects and leads. The tools of inbound marketing will enable continuous monitoring of your existing customers and their behavioral patterns that will be beneficial for the establishment of perpetual relations. These relations will influence not only the longevity of your business but also its scope. Consequently, proper marketing man agement can maximize the possibilities of overall business management. 560 â€" Do’s and Donts of B2B Marketing

Challenges Faced by Sports Management - 730 Words

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Essay On Fight Club - 1846 Words

He d probably watched Fight Club one too many times growing up, both the novel and the film had a marked impact on Trent s band and indeed his public persona. It d been a rocky road for him to reach that place, and the character that he played was one born from necessity. Trent s father was a lifelong biker, and the president of a prominent outlaw MC in California. The man sold drugs, pimped out girls and did a little bit of everything and he d been a convict for much of his son s early years. As a result, Trent was forced to grow up in group homes, and abuse from his caretakers and older children hardened the boy, by the time his dad got out, he was a teenager and the two reconnected with Trent frequently getting into violent†¦show more content†¦Much of the band s direction came from him, and he was the de facto leader of the group. There were two brothers in the group, both were Mexican-Americans and they d lived their entire lives in the L.A area just as Trent had. 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Electronic Salt And Its Effects On The World s Biggest...

Nothing brightens up your day like a relaxing moment spent with your favourite gadget. Electronics make our lives more entertaining – we can watch TV shows about dragons, we can play games and battle with our friends, or we can experience culinary delights with the help of ice cream makers and popcorn machines. If you are looking to add a bit of affordable luxury to your life with electronics, check out these top retailers for buying electronics next time you are shopping. 1. Deals Direct Undoubtedly among Australia’s biggest and most beloved electronics retailer, Deals Direct has anything you could dream of in terms of electronics. The retailer offers a unique shopping experience, with savings available on every single item on the catalogue. Deal Direct’s electronics range from computers to toys. You can find plenty of smaller accessories and gadgets, such as the Morphy Richards’ Electronic Salt Pepper Mill. But there are larger electronics available to purchase as well. But the selling point for Deals Direct is definitely the pure savings you can make. Just remember to check the site regularly as the best offers disappear fast and you might not be able to get your favourite items on time. Our recommended pick: Beats by Dre Pill Speaker 2. Kogan If you are after big electronics deals, then Kogan is another online-focused retailer you should check. Its electronics selection is a bit larger than Deals Direct’s, and you can find items from mobile phones to kitchenShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesmarketing is the process of aggressive selling and promotion to encourage the purchase of products that might otherwise be unsought by the consumer Answer: C Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 5) ________ goods constitute the bulk of most countries production and marketing efforts. A) Durable B) Impulse C) Physical D) Luxury E) Intangible Answer: C Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 6) As economies advance, a growing proportion of their activities focuses on theRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead MoreProcessed Cheese and Kraft Foods30876 Words   |  124 Pagesthe company Kraft Foods Inc. and because of that we have been able to make determinations about the company. Kraft Foods has a rich history of innovation which is evident through there many research and development facilities located throughout the world and their extensive product line. However, the company has some strategic issues that they must rectify to continue the success that they have had throughout the year. Due to the company’s acquisition of Cadbury, they have increas ed their debt levelRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesTHOU SHALT †¦page 58 James P. Hackett 111 TOOL KIT The Process Audit Michael Hammer 124 BEST PRACTICE Human Due Diligence David Harding and Ted Rouse 138 144 EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES PANEL DISCUSSION There are 193 countries in the world. None of them are energy independent. So who’s holding whom over a barrel? The fact is, the vast ma jor the few energy-producin ity of countries rely on g nations that won the geological lottery, ble ssing them with abunda nt hydrocarbons. AndRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesmanuscript available, I have therefore joined together the fragments of the electronic manuscript and converted all the diacritics to a single system. I hope I have done this consistently, but errors may still remain. Where something was mistyped from the ms. the global conversion occasionally produced eccentric results. I have checked this as far as possible against the photocopy, but some inconsistencies between photocopy and electronic file may remain. I have also corrected other obvious errors, checked

Cannery Row Analysis Essay Example For Students

Cannery Row Analysis Essay Cannery Row is about a neighborhood in Monterey Bay, California, during the aftermath of the depression. The neighborhood is built around a sardine company, but the main characters dont have much dealing with the workers there. The neighborhood consists of a general store owned by Lee Chong; a whore house called Bear Flag Restaurant, owned by Dora; a group of bums that live in the Palace Flophouse; and Docs Laboratory. It narrates their experiences and how they survive during a short course of time. John Steinbeck shows this era of the depression in a positive perspective rather than a negative one like it was frequently perceived. He shows the humor in all situations and veers away from pessimism. Steinbeck showed peoples place in society, how they depended on one another, and the exuberance of a community. He also let the reader see the loneliness of an individual and their acceptance of life. The storys setting had a huge relevance to John Steinbecks life. He grew up in Monterey Bay, California, during the depression. Although the characters in the book are fictional, their personalities are based off of real life people that Steinbeck encountered. The book was written after the depression, so it is more of a realistic approach to the actual life of people in that time. The over all conflict was peoples survival during the depression. It had many minor conflicts as well. One was when Mack and the boys threw a party for Doc and it all went wrong. Another one was the outbreak of the flu. The book had a resolutionsomewhat. It ended when Doc finally got a party and nothing went wrong. The thing is, that Doc ended up throwing the party for himself, so everything ended up like it was before and how it had always been. Doc had helped everyone in the community as usual. It leaves the reader with the impression that things will go on and everyone and everything will be all right. Cannery Row was published in 1945 and has lived on for over 50 years. The themes represented by this book have relevance to todays society and probably will have pertinence to the world in later years. The author, John Steinbeck, won the Nobel Prize for Literature because of this novel. The book was appropriate for its audience and purpose because so many people could relate to it, so Cannery Row truly deserves its classical status.

Test Preparation Campbell Biology Essay Example

Test Preparation: Campbell Biology Paper Chapter 31: Fungi Though fungal divisions have traditionally been based on modes of sexual reproduction, molecular considerations are becoming more important. Consequently, no emphasis has been placed on the vagaries of sexual and asexual reproduction among various fungi in this Test Bank. Instead, new questions assess students abilities to think logically about fungal morphology, genetics, and ecology. Two new sets of scenario questions deal with the biology of microsporidians and chytrids, ungi thought to play a substantial role in the worldwide decline of many amphibians. If you need assistance with a paper or task on a different biological subject, do not hesitate to contact our team from Ascendnaamba.org, professional essay writing service! Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The hydrolytic digestion of which of the following should produce monomers that are aminated (i. e. , have an amine group attached) molecules of -glucose? We will write a custom essay sample on Test Preparation: Campbell Biology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Test Preparation: Campbell Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Test Preparation: Campbell Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A) insect exoskeleton; B) plant cell walls; C) fungal cell walls; D) Three of these responses are correct. E) Two of these responses are correct. Answer: E. Topic: Concept 31. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, due to the fact that their fungal ompetitors have been removed? A) plants; B) protists; C) prokaryotes; D) animals; E) mutualistic fungi. Answer: C. Skill: Application/Analysis 3) When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter? A) fungal haustoria; B) soredia; C) fungal enzymes; D) increased oxygen levels. 4) Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)? A) They acquire their nutrients by phagocytosis. B) Their body plan is a unicellular sphere. C) Their cell walls consist mainly of cellulose microfibrils. D) They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources. E) They reproduce asexually by a process known as budding. Answer: D. 5) The functional significance of porous septa in certain fungal hyphae is most similar to that represented by which pair of structures in animal cells and plant cells, respectively? A) desmosomesotonoplasts; B) gap Junctionsoplasmodesmata; C) tight Junctionsoplastids; D) centriolesoplastids; E) flagellaocentral vacuoles. Answer: B. 6) What do fungi and arthropods have in common? A) Both groups are commonly coenocytic. B) The haploid state is dominant in both groups. C) Both groups are predominantly heterotrophs that ingest their food. D) The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin. E) Both groups have cell walls. 7) In septate fungi, what structures allow cytoplasmic streaming to distribute needed nutrients, synthesized compounds, and organelles throughout the hyphae? A) multiple chitinous layers in cross-walls; B) pores in cross-walls; C) complex microtubular cytoskeletons; D) two nuclei; E) tight Junctions that form in cross-walls between cells rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic streaming; F) a long tubular body shape; G) the readily available nutrients from their ingestive mode of nutrition; H) a dikaryotic condition that supplies greater amounts of proteins and nutrients. Answer: A. 9) The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are? A) composed of hyphae. B) referred to as a mycelium. C) usually underground. 10) Both fungus-farming ants and their fungi can synthesize the same structural polysaccharide from the -glucose. What is this polysaccharide? A) amylopectin; B) chitin; C) cellulose; D) lignin; E) glycogen. 11) Consider two hyphae having equal dimensions: one from a septate species and the other from a coenocytic species. Compared with the septate species, the coenocytic species should have A) fewer nuclei. B) more pores. C) less chitin. D) less cytoplasm. E) reduced cytoplasmic streaming. 12) Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies? A) plasmogamy; B) heterokaryotic; C) dikaryotic; D) diploid. 13) Which description does not apply equally well to both sexual and asexual spores? A) have haploid nuclei; B) represent the dispersal stage; C) are produced by meiosis; D) upon germination, will subsequently undergo S phase and mitosis. Answer: C. Topic: Concept 31. 2 14) Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following? 1 . haploid nucleus 2. heterokaryotic cells 3. dikaryotic cells 4. ells with two diploid nuclei. A) 1 or 2. B) 1 or 3. E) 3 or 4 cells with a single. 15) After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a: A) smaller nucleus and more cytoplasm than the mother cell. B) smaller nucleus and less cytoplasm than the mother cell. C) larger nucleus and less cytoplasm than the mother cell. D) similar nucleus and less cytoplasm than the mother cell. 16) In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently: A) means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures. B) results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell. C) allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. D) results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells. E) is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic. Answer: D. 17) If all of their nuclei are equally active transcriptionally, then the cells of both dikaryotic and heterokaryotic fungi, in terms of the gene products they can make, are essentially: A) haploid. B) diploid. D) completely homozygous. E) completely hemizygous. 18) Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cells chromosome number than does meiosis l? A) mitosis; B) plasmogamy; C) crossing over; D) binary fission; E) karyogamy. 19) Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes? A) They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved. B) They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are classified. C) They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage. D) They are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens. E) They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae. 20) Fossil fungi date back to the origin and early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental and morphological change is similar in the evolution f both fungi and plants? A) presence of coal forests and change in mode of nutrition B) periods of drought and presence of filamentous body shape C) predominance in swamps and presence of cellulose in cell walls D) colonization of land and loss of flagellated cells E) continental drift and mode of spore dispersal Topic: Concept 31. 3 21) Which of the following characteristics is shared by both chytrids and other kinds of fungi? A) presence of flagella; B) zoospores; C) autotrophic mode of nutrition; D) cell walls of cellulose; E) nucleotide sequences of several genes common ancestry. 22) B) by convergent evolution. C) by inheritance of acquired traits. D) by natural means, and is a homology. E) by serial endosymbioses. 23) Asexual reproduction in yeasts occurs by budding. Due to unequal cytokinesis, the bud cell receives less cytoplasm than the parent cell. Which of the following should be true of the smaller cell until it reaches the size of the larger cell? A) It should produce fewer fermentation products per unit time. B) It should produce ribosomal RNA at a slower rate. C) It should be transcriptionally less active. D) It should have reduced motility. E) It should have a smaller nucleus. Answer: A. 24) The microsporidian, Brachiola gambiae, parasitizes the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Adult female mosquitoes must take blood meals in order for their eggs to develop, and it is while they take blood that they transmit malarial parasites to humans. Male mosquitoes drink flower nectar. If humans are to safely and effectively use Brachiola gambiae as a biological control to reduce human deaths from malaria, then how many of the following statements should be true? 1 . Brachiola should kill the mosquitoes before the malarial parasite they carry reaches maturity. 2. The icrosporidian should not be harmful to other insects. 3. Microsporidians should infect mosquito larvae, rather than mosquito adults. 4. The subsequent decline in anopheline mosquitoes should not significantly disrupt human food resources or other food webs. 5. Brachiola must be harmful to male mosquitoes, but not to female mosquitoes. A) one statement only; B) two statements; C) three statements; D) four statements; E) all five statements. Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 25) Many infected animals are induced by the parasitic microsporidians to develop huge cells, known as xenomas, which are full of spores. Given their large size, what should be true of the xenomas? A) The parasite must endow the xenoma with some obtain mitochondria to survive. C) The xenoma must gain a cell wall; otherwise, it will lyse. D) The xenoma acts as a prison, of sorts, to keep the spores from escaping and infecting other organisms. Topic: Concepts 31. 30 26) What are the sporangia of the bread mold Rhizopus? A) asexual structures that produce haploid spores; B) asexual structures that produce diploid spores; C) sexual structures that produce haploid spores; D) sexual structures that produce diploid spores. Topic: Concept 31. 27) Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike? A) conidia and basidiocarps; B) sporangia and hyphae; C) soredia and gills; D) haustoria and arbuscules; E) zoospores and mycelia. 28) You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of a fungus is this? A) zygomycete; B) ascomycete; C) deuteromycete; D) chytrid; E) basidiomycete. 29) Which of the following has the least affiliation with all of the others? A) Glomeromycota; B) mycorrhizae; C) lichens; D) arbuscules. 30) Arrange the following from largest to smallest: 1. ascospore; 2. ascocarp; 3. ascomycete; 4. ascus. 31) Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus. 1. asidiocarp; 2. basidium; 3. basidiospore; 4. mycelium; 5. gill. 32) Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia? A) Ascospores are diploid, whereas conidia are haploid. B) Ascospores are produced only by meiosis, whereas conidia are produced only by mitosis. C) Ascospores have undergone genetic recombination during their production, whereas conidia have not. D) Ascospores are larger, whereas conidia are smaller. E) Ascospores will germinate into haploid hyphae, whereas conidia will germinate into diploid hyphae. Answer: C 33) A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of the following accounts for the fungal movement, as described here? A) karyogamy; B) mycelial flagella; C) breezes distributing spores; D) cytoplasmic streaming in hyphae. 34) In what structures do both Penicillium and Aspergillus produce asexual spores? A) asci B) zygosporangia; C) rhizoids; D) gametangia; E) conidiophores. 35) Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria are known as: A) antibodies. B) aflatoxins. C) hallucinogens. D) antigens. E) antibiotics. Topic: Concept 31. 5 36) Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and: A) mosses. B) cyanobacteria. C) green algae. 37) In both lichens and mycorrhizae, what does the fungal partner provide to its photosynthetic partner? A) carbohydrates; B) fixed nitrogen; C) antibiotics; D) water and minerals. 38) protection from harmful UV involved in lichens? A) Fungal cells are enclosed within algal cells. B) Lichen cells are enclosed within fungal cells. C) Photosynthetic cells are surrounded by fungal hyphae. D) The fungi grow on rocks and trees and are covered by algae. E) Algal cells and fungal cells mix together without any apparent structure. Answer: C. 39) If haustoria from the fungal partner were to appear within the photosynthetic partner of a lichen, and if the growth rate of the photosynthetic partner consequently slowed substantially, then this would support the claim that: A) algae and cyanobacteria are autotrophic. B) lichens are not purely mutualistic relationships. C) algae require maximal contact with the fungal partner in order to grow at optimal ates. D) fungi get all of the nutrition they need via the leakiness of photosynthetic partners. E) soredia are asexual reproductive structures combining both the fungal and photosynthetic partners. Answer: B. 40) When pathogenic fungi are found growing on the roots of grape vines, grape farmers sometimes respond by covering the ground around their vines with plastic sheeting and pumping a gaseous fungicide into the soil. The most important concern of grape farmers who engage in this practice should be that the: A) fungicide might also kill the native yeasts residing on the surfaces of the grapes. B) lichens growing n the vines branches are not harmed. C) fungicide might also kill mycorrhizae. D) sheeting is transparent so that photosynthesis can continue. Answer: C. 41) Which of the following terms refers to symbiotic relationships that involve fungi living between the cells in plant leaves? A) pathogens; B) endosymbioses; C) endophytes; D) lichens; E) mycorrhizae. 42) If Penicillium typically secretes penicillin without disturbing the lichen relationship in which it is engaged, then what must have been true about its partner? A) It should have lacked peptidoglycan in its cell wall. B) It was probably a red alga.

Free Essays on Castrati

Beginning at the turn of the 17th century and lasting for over 200 years, the musical phenomenon of the castrati took Europe by storm. The need for voices that could handle the requirements of Baroque music explains the demand for castrati at this particular period in European history. This enthusiasm for male soprano singers who had been castrated before puberty to preserve their high voices originated in Italy. It also coincided with the development and rise in popularity of opera, where castrati were often featured performers. Composers, including Handel and Mozart, wrote music specifically for the unique voices of the castrati. Certain singers achieved international recognition for their talents. Elevated to the position of stars throughout the 18th Century, castrati raised the art of singing beyond human limits. It was not uncommon for children to find themselves forced to join religious orders, as this would ease the financial burden on a large family. Sometimes, poor parents with a son who could sing well would have that child castrated to insure his fortune in life as well as a comfortable old age for themselves. The lavish lifestyles and occasionally extreme behavior of the castrati were a contrast to their often poor origins. The destitute backgrounds from which many castrati originated gives reason to why parents might have agreed to the castration of their sons. The surgery was usually performed on boys between the ages of eight and twelve and offered a way out of this poverty cycle. If a boy showed an unusual degree of musical ability, castration and further musical training was often implemented. This had the potential of dramatically improving a family's economic situation if the boy happened to become a successful singer. These families were often secretive about offering their c hildren like this, because canon and civil law did not allow such practices; to avoid breaking these laws, the boys were castrated on the grou... Free Essays on Castrati Free Essays on Castrati Beginning at the turn of the 17th century and lasting for over 200 years, the musical phenomenon of the castrati took Europe by storm. The need for voices that could handle the requirements of Baroque music explains the demand for castrati at this particular period in European history. This enthusiasm for male soprano singers who had been castrated before puberty to preserve their high voices originated in Italy. It also coincided with the development and rise in popularity of opera, where castrati were often featured performers. Composers, including Handel and Mozart, wrote music specifically for the unique voices of the castrati. Certain singers achieved international recognition for their talents. Elevated to the position of stars throughout the 18th Century, castrati raised the art of singing beyond human limits. It was not uncommon for children to find themselves forced to join religious orders, as this would ease the financial burden on a large family. Sometimes, poor parents with a son who could sing well would have that child castrated to insure his fortune in life as well as a comfortable old age for themselves. The lavish lifestyles and occasionally extreme behavior of the castrati were a contrast to their often poor origins. The destitute backgrounds from which many castrati originated gives reason to why parents might have agreed to the castration of their sons. The surgery was usually performed on boys between the ages of eight and twelve and offered a way out of this poverty cycle. If a boy showed an unusual degree of musical ability, castration and further musical training was often implemented. This had the potential of dramatically improving a family's economic situation if the boy happened to become a successful singer. These families were often secretive about offering their c hildren like this, because canon and civil law did not allow such practices; to avoid breaking these laws, the boys were castrated on the grou...

HUM DQ 2 WK6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Can criminological theories help manage crime in the workplace

Can criminological theories help manage crime in the workplace Security management is a task that required diverse skills which include human management, time management and some fundamental theories as guiding principles. The essence of the knowledge of these theories in relation to criminology to Security Managers should not be undermined in order to have and effectively achieve the organisations set goals or key performance indicators. This essay shall focus on how the knowledge of these theories could enhance the performance of a Security Manager in the work place in relation to theft and theft related offences in the retail business environment. However, if we give heed to the macro theory of criminology, a bigger picture surrounding the cost of theft in the retail industry rather than just focusing on cost of goods stolen in isolation can be fully examined. It should be noted from the onset that there are some other offences which can be perpetrated as part of criminal conduct that can ensue alongside the particular offence of retail theft e.g. assault inflicted on staff who have no choice but to physically engage a thief in the workplace (BRC Retail Crime Survey, 2009). Various reports including the crime survey by the British Retail Consortium (BRC) indicate with interest that thefts in retail shops are also being perpetrated by employees, and therefore note should be made that the offence is not exclusively being perpetrated by customers. As mainstream surveys tend to cover those who are not under the category of the organisations labour force, it is important to consider this dimension in the essay as the impact of such losses to retail industry cannot be ignored. On many occasions, there are complimentary offences but aspects relating to theft shall be considered in this essay. There have been several schools of thought in relation to applying criminological theories to crime management. They suggested that effective crime managements could only be achieved by using these theories conjunctively. Strengths and weaknesses of these theories shall be analysed and their relevance to the theft management in a retail business environment shall also be considered. The class of the offenders guilty of this crime, motivational factors and how they are carried out shall also be discussed using the appropriate theories and a strategy to managing and reducing delinquency. The 1968 theft act proscribes theft as; ..A person is guilty of theft if he dishonestly appropriate property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it; and thief and steal shall be construed accordingly (Theft Act 1968, sec 1:1). Shoplifting is a common delinquency in the retail business which impacts on stock shrinkage and cost of business insurance. However in general public and media discourse, it is widely accepted that retail theft is a petty crime and there are attempts to explain this phenomenon using theories such as criminal deviant behaviour. In this context, and in such a class based society as the UK, it is not unusually that retail theft is associated with the underprivileged in the society. Such perceptions make it difficult for the police and security managers to take seriously the impact this crime has on high tax paying industries such the retail sector, which incidentally offers employment to millions of workers in the country. Some other criminological theories such as the expected utility principle can breed compliancy in the work done by security managers as this theory assumes that potential criminals are rational beings who can be deterred from committing offences because people will act in an a manner that will increase their benefits and reduce their losses. In this context, the expected utility principle suggests that the commitment of the supposed petty crime of retail theft by employees is unlikely to occur as workers will give heed to their vested economic interest in remaining employed. However, there may be a lack of indebt knowledge of what constitutes retail theft. For instance, an employee inadvertently using part of the companys inventory such as stationeries, souvenirs for self benefit and is within the ambit of the theft act 1968 is guilty of theft. Another sinister form of retail theft involves employees who connive with criminals and pretend not to see the crime being committed. These usually involve the use of false drivers licence and stolen bank statements. . . . . . . . . . .Fraud is an act of deception carried out for the purpose of unfair, undeserved and/or unlawful gain, especially financial gain. (BRC Retail Crime Survey, 2009:pg24). . . . . . . . . . .Card fraud in the BCS (British Crime Survey) is defined as using plastic payment cards, such as bank, debit, credit or store cards, to take money without permission or prior knowledge from a bank, building society or credit card account (or to charge money to credit/debit cards). (Home Office Statistical Bulletin 08/10:pg25). The 2008/09 BCS report reported that plastic card owners who had fallen victim of card fraud had increased. Only 6.4 per cent of card fraud victim confirmed that they were aware that crimes had been committed with their cards within the last 12 month compared to 4.7 per cent in the previous year (Home Office Statistical Bulletin 08/10:pg25). In a bid to demonstrate why people commit crime, the motivational factors, and various groups of people with criminal behaviours and how combinations of criminological theories help in crime management. Rational Choice and Routine Activities theories shall be considered in relation to their relevance to crime management in a mobile phone retailer like Carphone Warehouse Plc. Rational Choice theorists believe that offenders decision to commit crime is based on the available opportunity and that the benefit of their crime outweighing the costs (Nagin et al, 2002). Rational choice theorists believe that crime is a function of individual choice which is influenced by its costs and benefits (Akers et al, 2004). Researches have shown that out of 50 interviewees in a research on shoplifting, 88% admitted that they had shoplifted and 42% of these people take stealing as the only way to earn their living. The average age of offenders as gathered during the interview was 12 years (Schneider, 2005). It is important to have the indebt knowledge of crime costs and its benefit, proportionate sentence and the types of punishment given to those who have committed similar crimes in the past or whether they avoided punishments. With this knowledge in place, it will be more likely to deter crime if its costs are made higher than the benefits e.g., enhancing the protection in places, target hardening, and more punishments when offenders are caught. In a situation where punishments are certain, motivated offenders may not want to subject themselves to hard work before committing the offence (Cullen Agnew, 2002). Rational choice theory is very extensive in range with simple basic elements which are strong but at the same time flexible. Offenders decisions between choices at every point in time tend to be rational. However, the facts of the theory stands that for any crime to be committed, the perceived benefits associated with the crime outweigh its risk. Some people have taking criminal behaviour as a way of life. In some situations, decisions to commit crime are arrived at due to inadequate information available at the time of decision making and all these put together still reflect the important role opportunity plays in criminal act. In addition to opportunity, importance of the environment on crime cannot be undermined. In certain situations, offenders hardly ever have a detailed thought of all the various costs and benefits of their action as some decisions are taken spontaneously (Felson Clarke, 1998). In theory, there are three broad categories of offenders or workplace violence perpetrators; employees, strangers and the intending or potential customers or clients (Chappell and Di Martino, 2000). Employees in most cases take advantage of imperfect systems. In an ideal business environment, organisation should have records of their inventory through regular stock counts. The UK shrinkage rate as a percentage of retail sales stood at 1.29% which was Europes average in 2010 (Bamfield, 2010). In a bid to control and manage crime, Opportunity-reducing techniques are a vital approach which could be achieved by increasing the perceived effort of crime by target hardening, security control access to target and deflecting offenders from target. In cases of card theft, crime facilitators could be controlled by having the owners photos on credit cards, using plastic beer glasses in pubs etc. Another technique involves increasing the perceived risks of crime by security screening, formal surveillance by employees, manned guarding, CCTV and effective lightning which could take the place of a Natural surveillance and help in obtaining footage through the use of technology. Anticipated rewards of crime should also be reduced so as to discourage criminal act. Targets could be removed; there could be property marking, and reducing temptations by ensuring that every motivational factor is put under control. Educating everyone on codes of conducts, and acceptable norms would eliminate t he excuses of being ignorant (Clarke, 1997). It is important to understand the opportunities that facilitate workplace crime in order to combat or reduce the criminal act. In America, introduction of Caller identification devices have removed obscene and threatening phone calls which ordinarily depends upon telephone access and the ability of the caller to hide his own identity. However, rates of other crimes such as car theft and burglary would also be higher when, in fact, they are lower in Britain and some other countries in Europe. Customer theft remains a major source of retail crime in line with general acquisitive crime trends reported by the Home Office. The survey recorded 498,405 incidents of customer theft in total. The previous years survey revealed that retailers suspected they identified perhaps as little as half of all customer theft. The real level of customer theft experienced by respondents was probably somewhere in the region of 750,000 to 1 million thefts or even as high as 2 million for the whole industry (BRC Retail Crime Survey, 2009: Pg 12-13). During 2008-09, the value stolen per incident has continued to decline as retailers continue to improve the protection of high value items. The average value of goods stolen fell by 34 per cent to  £45 per theft. Whilst individual customer thefts may be many times this value, this figure falls comfortably within the range of Penalty Notices for Disorder, a disposal available to the police for first time offenders involved in low value crimes. Nevertheless, only about one third (37 per cent) of customer thefts are reported to the police. (BRC Retail Crime Survey, 2009: Pg 12-13). As a result, the Police Authorities, Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships and Neighbourhood Policing Teams are unlikely to be aware of the true level of customer theft occurring in an area. This is reflected in national figures of reported crime which differ significantly from retailers experience (BRC Retail Crime Survey, 2009: Pg 12-13). Contrary to rational choice theory which believes that opportunity is the main factor responsible for crime occurrence, routine activity theory as described by Cohen Felson explained in one of their published articles in 1979 suggests that Crime occurs when there is an intersection in time and space of a motivated offender, an attractive target and lack of capable guardianship. Changes in routine activities in society (e.g. where both couples are working, construction of new roads) can influence crime rates. Peoples daily routine activities affect the likelihood of crime being committed (Cullen Agnew, 2002). . . . . .The routine activity approach still offers the best explanation for the rise in burglary in the United States and Western Europe during the 1960s and 1970s. Included in this explanation is the finding that the best predictor of annual burglary rates is the weight of the smallest television set sold each year. Another important component of the explanation is that far more homes in this period were left unguarded in the day as more women entered Full-time paid work. In fact, the most general explanation of crime rate trends is an indicator of the dispersion of activities away from family and household settings. As people spend more time among strangers and away from their own homes, their risk of personal and property victimization rises (Felson and Clarke, 1998). Every individual has specific areas in which they carry out their daily routine activities and this is called the activity space, domain or a potential path area. This area includes both the places that are visited and routes to such locations from their places of abode. In as much as people are not static, crime will have a non-static nature. In reality, some places, properties or facilities attract more crime than others. It is important to understand that in routine activity theory, crime do occur when there is interaction between a potential offender and a suitable target in time and space; opportunity which is being created by the lack of capable guardianship cannot be undermined. It is very essential to identify the available opportunities and put in place measures to either make these opportunities less attractive or show that the cost outweighs the benefits. These could be achieved through the use of Security devices and technology, proper lighting of an area, orientation and educating staff and visitors through various audio visual devices etc. Many businesses and organisations combine some of these procedures to control and manage crime (Hayes, 1991). Criminological theories play important roles in crime control and management as guidelines to what a Manager should look out for and how these factors should be managed in order to reduce crime. In some occasions where the capable guardianship is available, thefts are being attacked by the detectives in the store or those on patrol (Hayes, 1993; Jones, 1998). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Fraud costs the UK in excess of  £20 Billion. It recognised fraud as a low priority within UK Policing and the UK itself as having an uncoordinated approach (Simms C, Chief Constable West Midlands Police, 2010). In theory, victims are protected by law and most of the conveniences extended to them in the past will no longer be available when the credit reporting agencies have been contacted to report the crimes that thereby impress a theft flag on the victims credit file. Future lenders would be sceptical in exposing themselves to such customers and as such would be demanding for additional information and documents to verify the genuineness of the person requesting for credit facilities. Though, there are different types of customers who visit the organisations on daily basis, some visit with the intention to shoplift, window shop, to see demonstration of new products and to purchase products. It is certain that these groups of customers, with different motives behave differently when they are in the shop and their approaches to staff differ. This is where the level of education on delinquent and staff awareness about customers behaviour have to be improved upon. Security and safety at work place is every employees responsibility. Theft as a workplace crime impacts negatively on all parties involved with the organisation. The business operational costs are increased as a result of losses due to theft and these costs are passed on to their clients and employees. In most cases, it results to increasing costs of security maintenance, insurance premium and other elements of operational costs which will affect employees benefits depending on the magnitude of losses suffered by the organisation. In recent years, retailers have taken action to reduce theft by employees which accounted for 7 per cent of all retail crime by value in 2008-09. Employee theft includes theft of anything of value from the retailer by an employee or an accomplice, such as stealing merchandise, cash, retaining receipts, voiding a sale after a customer has paid and taking the cash, overcharging, short-changing, false mark-downs, coupon and voucher stuffing, credits for non-existent returns or exchanging counterfeit goods for genuine merchandise, and sliding a product through a lane without charging. It can also include serious financial fraud, involving senior or managerial staff. Improved security measures and investigations by expert staff appear to have reduced the opportunity for offences therefore deterring employee-related theft (BRC Retail Crime Survey, 2008: Pg 15). It is apparent that the true cost of theft crime in the workplace is unknown as some factors cannot be quantified. This includes business disruptions, employee morale, loss of customs, management time wasted on incident reporting and documentation (British Chambers of Commerce, 2002). High level workplace theft may also lead to company insolvency. Based on this, it is very important to understand the workplace and the nature of crime facing the business before putting in place any crime anticipatory measures or displacement measures. Rational choice emphasises that opportunity is core in the decision making by offenders when it comes to delinquencies. It is obvious from all indications that once the opportunity is displaced or appears to be of any value, a motivated offender may not notice a likely target. As a result of this, opportunities have to be identified and modified before the related crime can be perpetrated. By virtue of the fact that opportunity is requisite to crime occurrence, it is agreeable that rational choice theory interrelates with the routine activity theory which believes that crime can only happen when there is interception of certain elements. Working in an environment where there is an opportunity of having access to money and property does not translate to committing crime. This shows a subjective aspect of opportunity. It is therefore important to understand that certain factors like social desirability for the product or property, conceal ability of target and proximity do have supportive role to play in conjunction with opportunity for theft to occur (Hollinger and Clarke, 1983). In conclusion, it is therefore compulsory that a Security Manager, who has understood the surroundings where he works, should recognize the risk component, opportunities, and inspirational factors for possible offenders; use the mix understanding of these theories to design an approach to prevent the entire potential crime avenues. The combine knowledge of rational choice and routine activities theories give an insight into what to look out for and how to put in place the preventive measures to control crime. Theft as a workplace crime that can be managed by understanding what items offenders are looking out for, opportunities surrounding such items, characteristics of the targets and detailed understanding of the environment where the targets are situated. It is therefore evident that the knowledge of criminological theories has an immense role to play in assisting the security Manager to manage crimes such as theft in the workplace.